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Don’t use a weak password for services that “don’t matter,” because some day you might give one of those services your credit card info, or use it to authorize more important services, and you won’t think to beef up your password. Yahoo has confirmed that information from at least 5. Read more Use a password manager. Until you do this, no matter how hard you try all the rules above, you will keep picking bad passwords. Here’s how: Your “random” string of words will be something like “monkey dragon baseball princess,” four extremely common password words, and a computer will guess it. You’ll pick something memorable, which will limit your options, and a computer will guess it. You’ll manage to make a password a computer can’t guess, and you’ll forget it, and you’ll have to replace it with a weaker password, and a computer will guess it. You’ll pick something identifiable to anyone who follows you on Twitter or Facebook—like your dog’s name—and a human will guess it. Internet standards expert, CEO of web company i. Fusion Labs, and blogger John Pozadzides knows a…Read more Instead, get your computer to make and remember your passwords for you. This is the only reliable but convenient way to manage the vast quantity of passwords that modern life requires. The current best in class is 1. Password. If you don’t care about the detailed differences between managers, just grab this one and follow Lifehacker’s setup guide. Using a password manager is basically internet security 1. Read more There are several other fantastic, full- featured password managers for Windows and OS X, beloved by Lifehacker staff and readers. All these apps will create and remember your passwords. And all of them tell you how secure each of your passwords are. Some even alert you when the services you use get hacked, whether or not you were personally exposed. You have a ton of options for password managers, but when it comes to your security, you want the…Read more Of these top picks, the most distinctive is the open- source Kee. Pass. It focuses on local storage rather than cloud solutions, and it even lets you use a file to unlock it, so you could turn a physical thumb drive into your “password.”Cloud- based services like 1. Password and Last. Pass are more vulnerable to remote attacks. But because they heavily encrypt your data and don’t store your master password, you’re still safe even if those services are hacked—as long as your master password is too hard to crack. You can also sync your encrypted password file with Dropbox or Google Drive; a hacker would still need your master password to unlock it.)You know you’re supposed to use a password manager. In fact, you’ve been meaning to set one up for…Read more You just need to remember one password: The one that locks your password manager. Follow all the rules above to create a strong master password, especially if you sync your data. Otherwise, if your password service ever gets hacked, the hackers will also guess your weak master password, and they will swim around in all your accounts as in a silo of Scrooge Mc. Duck money. Now if you just have to write that master password down, do it on paper, and keep it somewhere safe like your wallet. Don’t write “MASTER PASSWORD” on it. Rip it up as soon as you’ve memorized it (which will take just a day or two, thanks to the muscle memory of typing it in every time you log into anything). Don’t forget your master password, or you could be completely and utterly screwed. Using a password manager is smart security. That’s nothing new. However, the best password managers …Read more Don’t store passwords in your browser. Those can get hacked, too. Some of Opera’s saved passwords were partially hacked last year. Even Google accounts are vulnerable. A hacker doesn’t have to defeat Google’s security—they just have to trick you, and it’s a lot easier for hackers to pose as Google and request your login than it is for them to pretend to be your chosen password management app. If your Google account gets hacked, you’ll be in enough trouble without also worrying about all your saved passwords. Follow the rules every time. Of course, your bank, your doctor’s portal, and your library are still following the outdated security recommendations, so they’ll still force you to follow weirdly specific rules for password creation, like making you start with a letter or include one symbol. Ironically, by lowering the number of possible passwords, these rules make them easier to crack.)First generate a random, secure password with your password manager. Then amend that password as minimally as possible to comply with the service’s specific rules. Do your password editing inside your password manager, so it can alert you if you’re turning a strong password into a weak one. We’ve covered how to create a memorable password if you absolutely have to. But since all our recommended password managers offer mobile apps (Kee. Pass recommends certain third- party mobile ports), you can save your password anywhere you go. There’s just no reason to make up your own password. Use two- factor authentication. While it isn’t foolproof, two- factor provides a layer of security for only a minimal loss of convenience. But not all two- factor is equally secure. Dedicated authentication apps are a lot safer than just getting a code over SMS. But both are safer than a password alone. Two- factor authentication is one of the most important ways to protect your accounts. However,…Read more Don’t ruin all this by using security questions. Security questions? More like insecurity questions! I’m fun at parties. 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There was no shortage of confusion over the tweets, which contained no actual information on how the president intended the Pentagon to carry the policy out, but did contain plenty of nonsensical rambling about “decisive and overwhelming victory.”Per the WSJ account, Trump is giving Mattis the ability to consider whether trans soldiers will be able to deploy when deciding who to discharge, as well as directs him to stop admitting any new trans soldiers and cut off related medical treatments for those currently serving. 10/21:華和茶会民族系アンビエントlive. 告知. 10/21にn.a.s.s.とのコラボレーションで、華和茶会エスニックアンビエントliveを. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. Home Screen of Nokia Belle Feature Pack 2 (Last version of Symbian) Developer: Symbian Ltd. (1998–2008) Symbian Foundation (2008–11) Nokia (2010–11). Download the free trial version below to get started. Double-click the downloaded file to install the software. Mattis is being given a six- month window to implement the policy. Trump’s psuedomedical Twitter thesis for the decision was that trans soldiers “burdened” the military with “tremendous medical costs and disruption,” all of which is a lie of mind- boggling proportions. No evidence backs this idea. It’s naked pandering to bigots, and especially that particular brand of bigot eager to stigmatize trans people as mentally ill. The total cost of providing adequate medical care to the US’ estimated 1,3. WSJ reported, citing a 2. Rand Corp study. Even if you take the $8. One Palm Center and Naval Postgraduate School study found the cost of discharging and replacing trans service members could run as high as $9. Rand’s high- end estimate. As for readiness, on Tuesday some 5. Trump saying the ban would disrupt the readiness of the armed forces. Research has shown there is no evidence trans troops disrupted anything in at least 1. The Rand study estimated just 2. By the way, the military at large has tens of thousands of soldiers unavailable for deployment at any given time for medical, legal or administrative reasons. As Gizmodo noted previously, the military is usually willing to shell out countless billions of dollars in sketchy contracts, unnecessary new equipment and sheer administrative waste. It wastes money left and right, and Trump wants to throw billions of dollars more on the pile anyhow. So the idea the US’ massive military- industrial complex will be ground to a halt by the cost of paying for a few thousand soldiers’ heath care is beyond trite. It’s insulting. Trump wants to fuck with people fighting in the US military because he’s a cranky bigot, plain and simple.[Wall Street Journal]. Store & share your files with uploaded. Learn more about our services (video)After entering your e. Mail addres and receipt of your registration you'll simultaneously receive your personal access data from us. This is always free of charge. 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If possible, avoid tearing out vinyl flooring. Leaving it in place saves time, of course, but it also reduces asbestos hazard concerns. Asbestos was used in sheet vinyl and vinyl tile until the mid- 1. By leaving the vinyl undisturbed, you won’t risk sending asbestos fibers into the air. If you have a wood subfloor, there’s a good chance that you’ll have to install backer board over your vinyl to make the floor thicker and stiff enough for tile. The easiest way to see flooring thickness is to pull off a floor register. Otherwise look for plumbing passageways through the floor. As a last resort, drill through the floor with a 1- in. To prevent asbestos dust from becoming airborne, mist the bit with a spray bottle as you drill. In addition to floor thickness, you’ll need to determine joist spacing. If there’s an unfinished basement or crawlspace below the floor, simply measure the spacing. If there’s a ceiling, probe for joists with a drill bit. If the joists are spaced 1. With joists every 2. If your floor is too thin for tile, add a thicker layer of tile backer board. Our floor required 1/4- in.- thick backer. Yours might need 1/2- in. If your floor is already thick enough, you can simply prep the vinyl floor (Photos 1 – 4) and skip the backer installation (Photos 5 – 8). Then tile directly over the vinyl, following the same steps we used over backer board. Regardless of the type of subfloor, there are two situations where you can’t leave vinyl in place: First, if large areas of the vinyl are loose, don’t set tile or backer over it. Small loose spots are acceptable and easy to deal with (Photo 4). Second, “cushioned” sheet vinyl must be removed before you can set tile. Cushioned vinyl has a foam backing that makes it noticeably thicker and softer than standard vinyl flooring. It’s too spongy to support tile or backer board. Before removing it, call your local health department for instructions on how to check for asbestos and proper procedures if asbestos is present. Gather Advice While You Shop. Home centers carry everything you need for this project, but begin shopping at a tile store, where you’re more likely to get expert advice. Make a quick sketch of your floor plan and jot down all the dimensions. Also take a photo of the floor at the doorway. This will help the tile store staff recommend a “transition” to neatly join the tile to the hallway flooring. Transitions come in different styles to suit any situation. When you choose the tile itself, ask if it requires any special installation steps. Some tile, for example, should be coated with grout release before grouting. Also ask about cutting techniques for the tile. You’ll use sanded grout for the floor. Ask if sanded caulk is available in a color that matches your grout for the floor/tub and floor/wall tile joints. Prepare the room. First, get the toilet out of your way. Stuff a rag in the hole to block sewer gases. If your home only has one toilet, you can leave it in place until you install the backer board. Keep a supply of wax rings on hand if you plan to reinstall the toilet at the end of each day. If you expect to keep your vanity for many years to come, leave it in place and tile around it. But if you think you might replace it, remove it now. When the job’s done, you can reinstall the old vanity or put in a new one. Having the vanity out of the way gives you more workspace, and you won’t have to cut backer board and tiles to fit around it. This also eliminates the floor repair problem if you install a smaller vanity or pedestal sink in the future. Pull off the baseboard or plan to add base shoe molding. This leads to a neater- looking job because the edges of the tile will be covered later—jagged cuts and slight measuring mistakes are hidden. If your baseboard has base shoe molding, remove only the base shoe. Backer board and tile will raise your floor 3/4 in. So you’ll have to remove and undercut the door. To mark the door for cutting, stack backer board, tile and two layers of cardboard on the floor (see Photo 3). Mark the door 1/2 in. Scrub, screw and patch the floor. Photo 1: Scrub the floor with stripper. Remove the baseboard and toilet. Using an abrasive pad, scrub the floor hard with water mixed with vinyl floor stripper. Photo 2: Drive screws into the floor joists. Mark the floor joists with chalk lines and drive 2- 1/2- in. Don’t leave any screw heads protruding. Photo 3: Cut the door trim to accommodate tile. Undercut door trim using a jamb saw or handsaw. A piece of backer board, tile and two layers of cardboard raise the saw to the correct height above the floor. Photo 4: Fill low spots with thin- set. Cut out any loose sections of vinyl with a utility knife. Fill the void with thin- set using the flat edge of a notched trowel. Scrub the floor with a vinyl floor stripper following the manufacturer’s instructions. The stripper will dissolve wax and other residue. Scrub hard with an abrasive scouring pad (Photo 1). The tiny scratches left by scrubbing help the thin- set bond better. Next, drive screws through the floor into the joists (Photo 2). This ensures that the subfloor and underlayment are securely fastened. If there’s an unfinished basement below the floor, locating the joists is easy: Go to the basement and drill a couple of 1/4- in. If you can’t locate the joists from below, pick a spot near one wall and drill a hole. If the bit breaks through into hollow space, move over 1 in. Keep going until you hit a joist. Then go to the opposite wall and find the other end of the joist. Measure at intervals of 1. While you’re driving screws, look for any spots where the vinyl has loosened from the floor. Cut out loose spots and fill them (Photo 4). If there are any copper pipes that pass through the floor, wrap them with duct tape at floor level. Cement- based thin- set and grout can corrode copper. Install backer board. Photo 5: Install backer board over the floor. Cover the floor with backer board. Cut inside corners, circles and curves with a drywall saw. Space pieces 1/8 in. Drywall saw. Use a drywall saw to cut corners, circles and curves in backer board. Photo 6: Score and snap the backer board. Make straight cuts with a scoring knife. Make three or four scoring passes, then snap the backer over a 2×4. When all the pieces have been laid out, label them and set them aside. Scoring knife. Use a scoring knife to score the backer board. Photo 7: Trowel on the thin- set. Comb out a bed of thin- set just large enough for each piece of backer board using a 1/4- in. Screw the backer down before spreading thin- set for the next piece. Insulating a Crawl Space - My. Home. Science. Improving performance & appearance. A vented crawl space (above) often has falling fiberglass insulation and moisture problems. Builders love crawl space foundations because they’re quick and inexpensive to build. You don’t need heavy equipment to excavate a giant hole for a full basement. Instead, you’re erecting short walls to get the first floor framing up off the ground. If soil at the building site is rocky or wet, a crawl space minimizes the risk involved in digging and building a full basement. The failure of fluffy stuff. The encapsulation process results in a clean, dry interior space, as shown here. For many years, the standard way to build a crawl space involved venting the crawl space walls and installing fiberglass batt insulation between joists in the crawl space. The widespread availability of fiberglass insulation, along with its low cost, went along well with the other economies of crawl space construction. Unfortunately, the same fluffy batt insulation that works well in wood- framed walls performs miserably in crawl spaces. Here’s how energy expert Martin Holladay describes the disastrous results of installing fiberglass batts in a vented crawl space in a recent blog at Green. Building. Advisor. If you’re perverse, and you want to build a damp, moldy, nasty crawl space, just do two things: insulate the crawl space ceiling with fiberglass batts, and vent the crawl space to the exterior. If you live in the Southeast, within a few short years the fiberglass batts will begin to hang down at odd angles like drunken stalactites. Every summer, the open vents will introduce huge amounts of moisture into the crawl space. You’ll end up with a classic moldy crawl space — one that represents a significant source of moisture for the house above.”The mold that thrives in a damp crawl space won’t just damage wood and other organic materials in the crawl space. Research has shown that up to 4. These are serious problems. A smarter insulating strategy. Installed against crawl space walls, rigid foam insulation won’t degrade or fall out of place. The solution: Change the thermal and pressure boundaries. OK, I know this heading may seem a little cryptic, but stay with me. In the old- style vented crawl space, a layer of poor- performing fiberglass insulation is supposed to provide a thermal barrier directly beneath the first floor of your living space. The pressure (air) barrier in a vented crawl space is also the floor sheathing, even though it’s got plenty of holes in it to bring wiring, plumbing and ductwork up through the crawl space. What happens if we change these pressure and thermal boundaries? Seal the crawl space vents so that moist exterior air can’t get into the crawl space. If the crawl space has a dirt floor, seal that with a thick plastic vapor barrier. Install rigid foam insulation against crawl space walls, so that we’re insulating the crawl space instead of the first floor.[kads id=”1. The result of this crawl space “encapsulation” process is a clean, dry crawl space that isn’t affected by moisture in the soil or in the outside air. Unlike fiberglass crawl space insulation that can degrade into a pink pile on the crawl space floor, rigid foam insulation can’t absorb moisture or be damaged by it, and will never fall out of place. Any moisture that remains in the wood framing after a crawl space is encapsulated can be effectively removed with a dehumidifier. Once this happens, you’ve got a controlled environment where mold can’t grow, and a crawl space that’s more of an asset to your house than a liability. · Since your outcast apps probably haven’t updated to support 64-bit devices, you won’t be able to use them when you get your new iPhone 8 or face.Torrentz Search Engine. Torrentz will always love you. Hard disk drive - Wikipedia. Hard disk drive. Internals of a 2. No-registration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. SATA hard disk drive. Date invented. 24 December 1. Invented by. IBM team led by Rey Johnson. A disassembled and labeled 1. HDD lying atop a mirror. An overview of how HDDs work. A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk[b] is a data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces.[2] Data is accessed in a random- access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order and not only sequentially. HDDs are a type of non- volatile storage, retaining stored data even when powered off.[3][4][5]Introduced by IBM in 1.
HDDs became the dominant secondary storage device for general- purpose computers by the early 1. Continuously improved, HDDs have maintained this position into the modern era of servers and personal computers. More than 2. 00 companies have produced HDDs historically, though after extensive industry consolidation most current units are manufactured by Seagate, Toshiba, and Western Digital. HDD unit shipments and sales revenues are declining, though production (exabytes per year) is growing. Flash memory has a growing share of the market for secondary storage, in the form of solid- state drives (SSDs). SSDs have higher data- transfer rates, higher areal storage density, better reliability,[7] and much lower latency and access times.[8][9][1. Though SSDs have higher cost per bit, they are replacing HDDs where speed, power consumption, small size, and durability are important.[1. The primary characteristics of an HDD are its capacity and performance. Capacity is specified in unit prefixes corresponding to powers of 1. TB) drive has a capacity of 1,0. GB; where 1 gigabyte = 1 billion bytes). Typically, some of an HDD's capacity is unavailable to the user because it is used by the file system and the computer operating system, and possibly inbuilt redundancy for error correction and recovery. Performance is specified by the time required to move the heads to a track or cylinder (average access time) plus the time it takes for the desired sector to move under the head (average latency, which is a function of the physical rotational speed in revolutions per minute), and finally the speed at which the data is transmitted (data rate). The two most common form factors for modern HDDs are 3. HDDs are connected to systems by standard interface cables such as PATA (Parallel ATA), SATA (Serial ATA), USB or SAS (Serial attached SCSI) cables. History[edit]. Video of modern HDD operation (cover removed)Hard disk drives were introduced in 1. IBM real- time transaction processing computer, and were developed for use with general- purpose mainframe and minicomputers. The first IBM drive, the 3. RAMAC in 1. 95. 6, was approximately the size of two medium- sized refrigerators and stored five million six- bit characters (3. In 1. 96. 2 the IBM 3. RAMAC disk storage unit was superseded by the IBM 1. Whereas the IBM 3. Cylinder- mode read/write operations were supported, and the heads flew about 2. Motion of the head array depended upon a binary adder system of hydraulic actuators which assured repeatable positioning. The 1. 30. 1 cabinet was about the size of three home refrigerators placed side by side, storing the equivalent of about 2. Access time was about a quarter of a second. Also in 1. 96. 2, IBM introduced the model 1. Users could buy additional packs and interchange them as needed, much like reels of magnetic tape. Later models of removable pack drives, from IBM and others, became the norm in most computer installations and reached capacities of 3. Non- removable HDDs were called "fixed disk" drives. Some high- performance HDDs were manufactured with one head per track (e. IBM 2. 30. 5 in 1. Known as fixed- head or head- per- track disk drives they were very expensive and are no longer in production.[3. In 1. 97. 3, IBM introduced a new type of HDD code- named "Winchester". Its primary distinguishing feature was that the disk heads were not withdrawn completely from the stack of disk platters when the drive was powered down. Instead, the heads were allowed to "land" on a special area of the disk surface upon spin- down, "taking off" again when the disk was later powered on. This greatly reduced the cost of the head actuator mechanism, but precluded removing just the disks from the drive as was done with the disk packs of the day. Instead, the first models of "Winchester technology" drives featured a removable disk module, which included both the disk pack and the head assembly, leaving the actuator motor in the drive upon removal. Later "Winchester" drives abandoned the removable media concept and returned to non- removable platters. Like the first removable pack drive, the first "Winchester" drives used platters 1. A few years later, designers were exploring the possibility that physically smaller platters might offer advantages. Drives with non- removable eight- inch platters appeared, and then drives that used a 5 1⁄4 in (1. The latter were primarily intended for the then- fledgling personal computer (PC) market. As the 1. 98. 0s began, HDDs were a rare and very expensive additional feature in PCs, but by the late 1. Most HDDs in the early 1. PC end users as an external, add- on subsystem. The subsystem was not sold under the drive manufacturer's name but under the subsystem manufacturer's name such as Corvus Systems and Tallgrass Technologies, or under the PC system manufacturer's name such as the Apple Pro. File. The IBM PC/XT in 1. MB HDD, and soon thereafter internal HDDs proliferated on personal computers. External HDDs remained popular for much longer on the Apple Macintosh. Many Macintosh computers made between 1. SCSI port on the back, making external expansion simple. Older compact Macintosh computers did not have user- accessible hard drive bays (indeed, the Macintosh 1. K, Macintosh 5. 12. K, and Macintosh Plus did not feature a hard drive bay at all), so on those models external SCSI disks were the only reasonable option for expanding upon any internal storage. The 2. 01. 1 Thailand floods damaged the manufacturing plants and impacted hard disk drive cost adversely between 2. Driven by ever increasing areal density since their invention, HDDs have continuously improved their characteristics; a few highlights are listed in the table above. At the same time, market application expanded from mainframe computers of the late 1. Technology[edit]Magnetic recording[edit]A modern HDD records data by magnetizing a thin film of ferromagnetic material[f] on a disk. Sequential changes in the direction of magnetization represent binary data bits. The data is read from the disk by detecting the transitions in magnetization. User data is encoded using an encoding scheme, such as run- length limited encoding,[g] which determines how the data is represented by the magnetic transitions. A typical HDD design consists of a spindle that holds flat circular disks, also called platters, which hold the recorded data. The platters are made from a non- magnetic material, usually aluminum alloy, glass, or ceramic, and are coated with a shallow layer of magnetic material typically 1. For reference, a standard piece of copy paper is 0. Diagram labeling the major components of a computer HDD. Recording of single magnetisations of bits on a 2. MB HDD- platter (recording made visible using CMOS- Mag. View).[3. 8]The platters in contemporary HDDs are spun at speeds varying from 4,2. The first HDDs spun at 1,2. As of December 2. HDDs spin at either 5,4. |
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